Stack marker
A stack marker splits the damage between everyone within the marker. If nobody stacks to share the damage, it will usually kill the target. There are multiple variants of the stack marker.
Overlap penalties
Certain duties may spawn multiple stack markers at once. In most instances (except for
Syrcus Tower), stack markers should NOT be overlapped! Mechanics with multiple stack markers will generally apply severe vulnerability debuffs to all players inside for a few seconds. These debuffs fall off harmlessly if a player participates in only one stack. However, anyone who participates in multiple stacks will still have the debuff when the second stack hits, making them take severe or fatal damage.
Types
Circle stack

The most common variant traces a circular shape around the target. Everyone needs to stand within this circle to split the damage with the targeted player. Standing directly on top of the targeted player also works, but is more cautious than necessary.
Line stack

A line stack marker splits the damage between everyone that stands in line with the targeted Player and the boss. Visually, attacks like this generally take the form of the boss firing a laser through the target.
To participate, a player only needs to be within the line, they do not need to be inside the actual marker. In the example image, standing further north but still being within the east-west bounds of the line will still count for spliting the damage.
Multi-hit stack
A multi-hit stack is the same as a stack marker, but will hit multiple times. While a regular stack displays 5 arrows (1 above and 4 in a cross), a multi-hit stack will display multiple arrows in each direction (generally 3 arrows each). This is most-commonly used for "Akh Morn", an attack frequently used by dragon enemies.
Participants need to stay together until all hits of the stack finish. Leaving too early means participation will not be counted for later hits.